Sagalassos, located in Ağlasun, Burdur Province, about 100 kilometers north of Antalya, was a significant urban center in ancient Pisidia, especially during Roman Imperial times. It was known as the “first city of Pisidia,” reflecting its political and economic prominence. The city’s strategic location, nestled in the western Taurus Mountains, allowed it to control important routes and thrive during both the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Initially a rebellious region under Persian rule, Sagalassos resisted even Alexander the Great when he passed through in 332 BCE, before falling under his control and subsequently being ruled by several of his successors. By the time the Romans took control, the city developed further into a metropolis, contributing significantly to the local economy and regional culture.

One of the key aspects that made Sagalassos thrive during the Roman era was its prosperity in agriculture and craftsmanship. It became renowned for its production of high-quality ceramics, and its rich agricultural surroundings supported a flourishing population. The city’s location made it an important hub for trade, ensuring continued prosperity even during difficult periods, such as when the city had to fend off rebellious Isaurian tribes in the early 5th century AD. However, a major earthquake around 500 AD severely damaged the city, but it was quickly rebuilt, with the Romans once again showcasing their engineering prowess by constructing monumental structures. Despite this, the city eventually began to decline by the middle of the 6th century, as repeated epidemics and broader economic struggles in the region led to a reduction in population and the abandonment of many urban areas.

Today, Sagalassos is recognized as one of the best-preserved ancient cities in the Mediterranean, with several of its Roman structures still remarkably intact. The Roman Theatre, built into the mountainside, remains one of the site’s highlights, offering visitors stunning views of the surrounding landscape. The Fountain of Antonin, with its intricate marble sculptures and architecture, is a prime example of Roman hydraulic engineering. Additionally, the Neon Library, once a bustling center of learning, and the Odeon, used for performances and public gatherings, showcase the cultural richness of the city during its peak.

Notable structures

Walking through the site, visitors can also explore the Lower Agora, a large public square surrounded by colonnades, and the Nymphaeum, which once served as a monumental fountain. The Roman Baths and the Temple of Emperor Hadrian offer further evidence of the city’s grandeur, with their massive stone structures still standing today. The residential areas, with their narrow streets and well-preserved buildings, provide a unique glimpse into daily life in ancient Pisidia, allowing visitors to envision what life was like in this flourishing city.

Sagalassos’ remote location and natural coverage have contributed to its exceptional preservation, making it a key site for archaeological research. Ongoing excavations continue to reveal insights into the city’s long history, from its early Phrygian and Lydian beginnings to its decline after the Roman period. The city offers a unique opportunity for visitors to step back in time and explore a relatively untouched Roman-Pisidian metropolis.

Sagalassos is located near the town of Ağlasun, in Burdur Province. The easiest way to get there is by car from Antalya or Isparta, with the journey taking about 1.5 hours. From Burdur, you can also take a local bus or taxi to Ağlasun, and from there, it’s a short drive or hike up to the ancient city. There are also guided tours available from nearby cities.

Nymphaeum

Theater

Nymphaeum

Theater

You can also explore several nearby historical spots around Sagalassos. These close-by attractions offer further insight into the rich history of the region and are easily accessible for visitors wanting to extend their journey:

Perge

115 km

Aspendos

150 km

Termessos

108 km