Aizanoi, an ancient city located in the inner part of Western Anatolia near the town of Çavdarhisar, Kütahya Province, is one of Turkey’s most significant historical sites, though it remains relatively lesser-known. The city’s early settlement traces back to the second millennium BC, and during the Hellenistic era, it was ruled by Pergamon and Bithynia. By the 1st century BC, Aizanoi transformed from a town into a prosperous Roman city, known for its production of grain, wool, and wine.

One of Aizanoi’s most remarkable structures is the Temple of Zeus, which is considered one of the best-preserved temples dedicated to the god in the world. The temple follows a pseudodipteros plan, which makes it unique in its architectural style. The hilltop temple was the city’s main sanctuary and contributed to Aizanoi’s prominence in antiquity.

Aizanoi is also notable for its stadium-theatre complex, a rare architectural feature where the stadium and theatre were constructed adjacent to one another, with the capacity to hold 13,500 and 20,000 people, respectively. This configuration is unique in the ancient world and reflects the city’s vibrant cultural life during the Roman era.

one of the world’s first stock exchange markets.

Another significant structure is the Macellum, one of the world’s first stock exchange markets. The building, dating from the mid-2nd century AD, served as a marketplace where prices of goods were regulated by an edict issued by Emperor Diocletian in 301 AD to control inflation. The inscriptions detailing the prices of goods can still be seen today, highlighting Aizanoi’s importance in trade and commerce during Roman times.

Despite its prosperity during the Roman period, Aizanoi began to decline after the 7th century, particularly during the Byzantine and later Seljuk periods. Today, excavations continue to reveal the city’s rich history, providing insight into its role as a major center of culture, commerce, and religion in the ancient world.

Aizanoi is located near the town of Çavdarhisar, in Kütahya Province. The best way to reach the site is by private vehicle, as public transportation is limited. From Kütahya, take the road to Tavşanlı and follow the signs for Çavdarhisar, which is about 50 kilometers southwest of Kütahya. The journey takes around 1 hour by car.

Stadium theater

Zeus temple

Zeus temple

theater

Acroterion

You can also explore several nearby historical spots around Aizanoi. These close-by attractions offer further insight into the rich history of the region and are easily accessible for visitors wanting to extend their journey: